North Of The Border A Safe Haven For Thieving Lawyers? Investigative Report Reveals 220 Canadian Attorneys Faced Discipline For Fleecing About $160 Million From Their Clients Between 2010-2015, But Fewer Than 10 Percent Were Actually Charged With Crimes

From north of the U.S.-Canadian border, CBC News reports:

• More than 200 Canadian lawyers who were disciplined by their law societies between 2010 and 2015 misappropriated about $160 million of their clients' funds, a CBC News investigation has found.(1)
  
  But most of those lawyers were never charged with crimes. CBC could find evidence of criminal prosecutions involving fewer than 10 per cent of the total number of disciplined lawyers in that time frame.
  
  An analysis of public records over six years shows law societies sanctioned 220 members for taking or mishandling money from clients or overcharging them, either negligently or intentionally.​
  
  Lawyers were punished for a variety of infractions, including helping themselves to clients' trust funds, keeping money that belonged to a deceased client's estate, mishandling of client funds, charging for services not provided and charging fees that were so unreasonable that they constituted misconduct.
  
  While some lawyers argued they were not guilty of deliberately doing anything wrong, many others admitted to misappropriation. Some said they lied to regulators when clients complained or when they were caught in spot audits.
  
  Penalties ranged from admonitions and fines to suspensions and disbarments. In some cases, law societies allowed lawyers facing disciplinary charges to resign.
  
  ***
  Criminal convictions are rarely a consequence for lawyers who take clients' money. CBC's investigation could only identify 19 examples of criminal prosecutions between 2010 and 2015. Six of the prosecutions involved lawyers who were disciplined prior to 2010.
  
  One reason for the small number of charges or convictions may be the higher burden of proof required in criminal cases.
  
  In 2015, an Ontario Superior Court judge acquitted a disbarred lawyer of fraud, saying that bad work by a lawyer doesn't necessarily constitute fraud.
  
  Other factors
  
  John Sliter, a retired RCMP superintendent who spent 20 years investigating and managing white collar crime cases, thinks other factors are also at play.
  
  "It becomes very daunting for investigators to even think about investigating, let alone think about facing a potential prosecution, so often what happens is they simply rely on regulation to solve the problem for them," he said.
  
  "In other words, if they've been dealt with by the law society, political masters and police managers will feel that will suffice and that there's no need to pursue a criminal prosecution."
  
  ***
  'Too easy to steal'
  
  Alice Woolley, president of the Canadian Association for Legal Ethics who teaches at the University of Calgary, says no matter how harsh a punishment is, the lawyer will think he's the one who won't get caught.
  
  "If you make it easy for people to cheat, they cheat. If you make it hard, they don't cheat. If people are stealing money that means it's too easy to steal money," she said in an interview.
  
  Woolley says the best way to bring the numbers down is by stopping the lawyers before the money is taken.
  
  "You want to make it so if I have a problem today, I can't fix it this way."
  
  Darrel Pink, executive director of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society, came to the same conclusion years ago.
  
  "We basically asked the question, does what we do as a legal regulator make any difference?" he said.
  
  "And when we answered it 'Not really,' it was a pretty profound conclusion for us to come to.
  
  "Most lawyer theft is they take a little bit, they intend to give it back, they take a little bit more. They are supporting a gambling habit," said Pink. "And therefore if you could stop them early, you could prevent a lot of harm."
  
  Early signs
  
  Pink says there are usually symptoms such as poor accounting and accounting mistakes. If the lawyer keeps getting away with it, that can eventually lead to missing money.
  
  He is working to get provincial legislation changed so that the law society can regulate law firms and address these accounting problems before they escalate.
  
  Woolley says change can be difficult in a profession that is self-regulated.
  
  "The problem with self-regulation is that it stops innovation, it stops people from making the changes that need to be made because they're afraid of what it might mean for the profession."

For the story, see Lawyers misappropriated millions from clients' funds but few faced criminal charges (Disciplinary actions include suspension, disbarment for professional misconduct).

For the CBC News televised investigative report, see The Fifth Estate: Betrayal of Trust.

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(1) For "attorney ripoff reimbursement funds" that provide some reimbursement for losses suffered by clients due to the dishonest conduct of lawyers licensed in the various provinces throughout Canada or in the various states throughout the U.S., see:

• Directory Of Lawyers' Funds For Client Protection (February 2017) (includes a listing for Canadian client protection funds, courtesy of the American Bar Association);
• Check the USA Client Protection Funds Map;
• Check the Canada Client Protection Funds Map.

Maps available courtesy of The National Client Protection Organization, Inc.